Geothermometry

From Open Energy Information

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY

Exploration Technique: Geothermometry

[edit]
"{{{ExplorationTimePerMetric}}}" is not in the list of possible values (job, 10 mile, 10 stn, 100 mile, sq. mile, foot) for this property.



Exploration Technique Information
Exploration Group: Geochemical Techniques
Exploration Sub Group: Geochemical Data Analysis
Parent Exploration Technique: Geochemical Data Analysis
Information Provided by Technique
Lithology:
Stratigraphic/Structural:
Hydrological:
Thermal: used to estimate reservoir temperatures
Cost Information
Low-End Estimate (USD): 30.00
3,000 centUSD
0.03 kUSD
3.0e-5 MUSD
3.0e-8 TUSD
/ sample
Median Estimate (USD): 30.00
3,000 centUSD
0.03 kUSD
3.0e-5 MUSD
3.0e-8 TUSD
/ sample
High-End Estimate (USD): 30.00
3,000 centUSD
0.03 kUSD
3.0e-5 MUSD
3.0e-8 TUSD
/ sample
Dictionary.png
Geothermometry:
Chemical geothermometers are used to estimate reservoir temperatures for most of the systems. The geothermometers are based on temperature- dependent, water-rock reactions which control the chemical and isotopic composition of the thermal water. This method is applicable only to hot-water systems because the common chemical constituents of thermal water (SiO2, Na, K, Ca, Mg, Cl, HCO3, and CO3) are soluble in liquid water but lack significant solubility in steam.
Other definitions:Wikipedia Reegle


 
Use in Geothermal Exploration
"Some experts stated that the factor that changes the risk assessment of a prospect the fastest is obtaining attractive chemical confirmation (geothermometry, gas analyses) that a prospect exists in that location. As in all geothermal exploration methods for both hidden and conventional systems, geochemistry interpretations are more reliable when integrated in a conceptual model consistent with other data." cannot be used as a page name in this wiki.
 Some experts stated that the factor that changes the risk assessment of a prospect the fastest is obtaining attractive chemical confirmation (geothermometry, gas analyses) that a prospect exists in that location. As in all geothermal exploration methods for both hidden and conventional systems, geochemistry interpretations are more reliable when integrated in a conceptual model consistent with other data.
 
Related Techniques
"<br>

  • Geochemical Techniques


    •  
    Data Access and Acquisition
    The given value was not understood.
     In the United States, geochemical analyses have been performed and cataloged for most places that have accessible surface waters (e.g. the U.S. Geological Survey GEOTHERM geochemistry database,[1] University of Nevada, Reno’s geochemistry database for the Great Basin[2]). As the resource areas with the most easily interpreted chemistry are developed, the uncertainty in the interpretation of the data from the surface manifestations of the remaining prospects becomes a greater challenge. For hidden systems, a strategy is needed to get a suitable water sample at low enough cost from a slim hole, a water well, or a core hole drilled for mineral exploration.
     
    Best Practices
    The given value was not understood.
    • The best practice in using geothermometers is to apply them with caution. Understand what is being asked. Understand the system in which they are being applied. Understand the assumptions. Use correction factors, if available, or develop new correction factors, if possible. Use geothermometers that are not solute dependent, if available.
    • To accurately use geothermometry data, it is important to consider the reaction kinetics, thermodynamics, mineral suites, and reaction or fluid paths that are involved and to keep in mind that the components of the liquid geothermometers are not sufficiently soluble in steam, and are, therefore, applicable only to water systems.[3]
    • Gas geothermometers may be more applicable to boiling systems, although they are sometimes more difficult to interpret.
    • For example, in many low-temperature Great Basin geothermal prospects, the silica geothermometer has been considered the most applicable geothermometer, because its thermodynamics have been studied in greater detail than other geothermometers. The fact that there are multiple phases of silica, however, impacts the ability to interpret geothermometry data. Silica geothermometry data can give erroneous results due to the:
      • Presence of high salinity fluids, which alter quartz solubility.
      • Effects of steam separation, which can concentrate the fluid causing early precipitation of silica.
      • Effects of precipitation after sampling, since the rate of quartz precipitation increases drastically as temperature drops.
      • Effect of pH on quartz solubility.
      • Effects of dilution due to cold water mixing.[4]
    • Other geothermometer systems (e.g. K-Mg), have been developed through the collection, cataloging and mapping of these data in known geothermal systems. For example, the fundamental assumption of the Na-K-Ca geothermometer is that these cations are in equilibrium with feldspars at depth. In the Basin and Range Region, geothermal fluids often flow through Na-K-Ca rich rocks and alluvium on its way to the surface, which can alter the fluid chemistry and complicate the interpretation. Without additional information about a hydrothermal system (e.g., pH, TDS, and dissolved gases), it is unclear how widespread these geothermometers can be applied, though they appear to be less affected by mixing and boiling than silica geothermometers.[5]
     
    Potential Pitfalls
    The given value was not understood.
    • Some commonly used geothermometers (e.g. silica, Na-K) were developed in high-temperature (>200°F) magmatic-volcanic geothermal systems, so trying to apply them to other regions—like the Basin and Range—can give misleading and discordant results.[6]
    • Cation geothermometers are still incorrectly applied to low-pH fumarole condensates where the cation equilibration is dominated by leaching under acid conditions yielding anomalously and unreasonably high geothermometer estimates.


     
    Additional References

    Technical References

     
    References
    1. ↑ GEOTHERM Database
    2. ↑ Great Basin Groundwater Geochemical Database
    3. ↑ Thermal and Mineral Waters of Nonmeteoric Origin, California Coast Ranges
    4. ↑ Application of Water Geochemistry to Geothermal Exploration and Reservoir Engineering
    5. ↑ Geothermometer Calculations for Geothermal Assessment
    6. ↑ Evaluation of Chemical Geothermometers for Calculating Reservoir Temperatures at Nevada Geothermal Power Plants


    Page Area Activity Start Date Activity End Date Reference Material
    Geothermometry (Bayram, 2001) Unspecified


    Geothermometry (Benjamin, Et Al., 1983) Unspecified


    Geothermometry (Fouillac & Michard, 1981) Unspecified


    Geothermometry (Fournier, 1977) Unspecified


    Geothermometry (Fournier, 1979) Unspecified


    Geothermometry (Klein, 2007) Unspecified


    Geothermometry (Powell and Cumming, 2010) Any


    Geothermometry At Akutan Fumaroles Area (Kolker, Et Al., 2010) Akutan Fumaroles Area


    Geothermometry At Alum Area (DOE GTP) Alum Geothermal Area


    Geothermometry At Blackfoot Reservoir Area (Hutsinpiller & Parry, 1985) Blackfoot Reservoir Area


    Geothermometry At Blue Mountain Geothermal Area (Casteel, Et Al., 2010) Blue Mountain Geothermal Area 2010 2010


    Geothermometry At Buffalo Valley Hot Springs Area (Laney, 2005) Buffalo Valley Hot Springs Area


    Geothermometry At Central Nevada Seismic Zone Region (Laney, 2005) Central Nevada Seismic Zone Geothermal Region


    Geothermometry At Central Nevada Seismic Zone Region (Shevenell & De Rocher, 2005) Central Nevada Seismic Zone Geothermal Region


    Geothermometry At Chena Geothermal Area (Kolker, 2008) Chena Geothermal Area 1973 1974


    Geothermometry At Clear Lake Area (Thompson, Et Al., 1992) Clear Lake Area


    Geothermometry At Columbus Salt Marsh Area (Shevenell, Et Al., 2008) Columbus Salt Marsh Area


    Geothermometry At Coso Geothermal Area (1978) Coso Geothermal Area 1978 1978


    Geothermometry At Coso Geothermal Area (1980) Coso Geothermal Area 1980 1980


    Geothermometry At Desert Queen Area (Garchar & Arehart, 2008) Desert Queen Area


    Geothermometry At Fenton Hill HDR Geothermal Area (Grigsby, Et Al., 1989) Fenton Hill HDR Geothermal Area 1989


    Geothermometry At Fish Lake Valley Area (DOE GTP) Fish Lake Valley Area


    Geothermometry At Fish Lake Valley Area (Deymonaz, Et Al., 2008) Fish Lake Valley Area


    Geothermometry At Fort Bliss Area (DOE GTP) Fort Bliss Area


    Geothermometry At Gabbs Alkali Flat Area (Kratt, Et Al., 2008) Gabbs Alkali Flat Area


    Geothermometry At Geyser Bight Area (Motyka, Et Al., 1993) Geyser Bight Area


    Geothermometry At Haleakala Volcano Area (Thomas, 1986) Haleakala Volcano Area


    Geothermometry At Honokowai Area (Thomas, 1986) Honokowai Area


    Geothermometry At Hot Springs Ranch Area (Szybinski, 2006) Hot Springs Ranch Area


    Geothermometry At International Geothermal Area, Mexico (Fournier, 1979) International Geothermal Area Mexico


    Geothermometry At International Geothermal Area, New Zealand (Fournier, 1979) International Geothermal Area New Zealand


    Geothermometry At International Geothermal Area, Turkey (Bayram, 2001) International Geothermal Area Turkey


    Geothermometry At Kawaihae Area (Thomas, 1986) Kawaihae Area


    Geothermometry At Kilauea East Rift Geothermal Area (Thomas, 1986) Kilauea East Rift Geothermal Area 1978 1987


    Geothermometry At Lahaina-Kaanapali Area (Thomas, 1986) Lahaina-Kaanapali Area


    Geothermometry At Lassen Volcanic National Park Area (Janik & Mclaren, 2010) Lassen Volcanic National Park Area


    Geothermometry At Lassen Volcanic National Park Area (Thompson, 1985) Lassen Volcanic National Park Area


    Geothermometry At Lightning Dock Area (Norman, Et Al., 2002) Lightning Dock Area


    Geothermometry At Long Valley Caldera Geothermal Area (Farrar, Et Al., 2003) Long Valley Caldera Geothermal Area 2000 2001


    Geothermometry At Long Valley Caldera Geothermal Area (Mariner & Willey, 1976) Long Valley Caldera Geothermal Area 1976


    Geothermometry At Long Valley Caldera Geothermal Area (McKenzie & Truesdell, 1977) Long Valley Caldera Geothermal Area 1976 1977


    Geothermometry At Long Valley Caldera Geothermal Area (Sorey, Et Al., 1991) Long Valley Caldera Geothermal Area 1985 1988


    Geothermometry At Lualualei Valley Area (Thomas, 1986) Lualualei Valley Area


    Geothermometry At Mauna Loa Northeast Rift Area (Thomas, 1986) Mauna Loa Northeast Rift Area


    Geothermometry At Mt Princeton Hot Springs Geothermal Area (Pearl, Et Al., 1976) Mt Princeton Hot Springs Geothermal Area 1976 1976


    Geothermometry At Mt St Helens Area (Shevenell & Goff, 1995) Mt St Helens Area


    Geothermometry At Neal Hot Springs Geothermal Area (U.S. Geothermal Inc., 2008) Neal Hot Springs Geothermal Area 2008 2008


    Geothermometry At Nevada Test And Training Range Area (Sabin, Et Al., 2004) Nevada Test And Training Range Area


    Geothermometry At New River Area (DOE GTP) New River Area


    Geothermometry At Northern Basin & Range Region (Cole, 1983) Northern Basin and Range Geothermal Region


    Geothermometry At Northern Basin & Range Region (Laney, 2005) Northern Basin and Range Geothermal Region


    Geothermometry At Nw Basin & Range Region (Laney, 2005) Northwest Basin and Range Geothermal Region


    Geothermometry At Nw Basin & Range Region (Shevenell & De Rocher, 2005) Northwest Basin and Range Geothermal Region


    Geothermometry At Olowalu-Ukumehame Canyon Area (Thomas, 1986) Olowalu-Ukumehame Canyon Area


    Geothermometry At Raft River Geothermal Area (1973) Raft River Geothermal Area 1973 1973


    Geothermometry At Raft River Geothermal Area (1980) Raft River Geothermal Area 1980 1980


    Geothermometry At Reese River Area (Henkle & Ronne, 2008) Reese River Area


    Geothermometry At Rhodes Marsh Area (Coolbaugh, Et Al., 2006) Rhodes Marsh Area


    Geothermometry At Rhodes Marsh Area (Shevenell, Et Al., 2008) Rhodes Marsh Area


    Geothermometry At Roosevelt Hot Springs Geothermal Area (Faulder, 1991) Roosevelt Hot Springs Geothermal Area 1982 1982


    Geothermometry At Roosevelt Hot Springs Geothermal Area (Petersen, 1975) Roosevelt Hot Springs Geothermal Area 1975 1975


    Geothermometry At Roosevelt Hot Springs Geothermal Area (Ward, Et Al., 1978) Roosevelt Hot Springs Geothermal Area 1978 1978


    Geothermometry At Salt Wells Area (Coolbaugh, Et Al., 2006) Salt Wells Geothermal Area 2005 2005


    Geothermometry At Salt Wells Area (Edmiston & Benoit, 1984) Salt Wells Geothermal Area 1980 1984


    Geothermometry At Salt Wells Area (Henkle, Et Al., 2005) Salt Wells Geothermal Area 2004 2005


    Geothermometry At Silver Peak Area (DOE GTP) Silver Peak Area


    Geothermometry At Socorro Mountain Area (Armstrong, Et Al., 1995) Socorro Mountain Area


    Geothermometry At Socorro Mountain Area (Owens, Et Al., 2005) Socorro Mountain Area


    Geothermometry At Teels Marsh Area (Coolbaugh, Et Al., 2006) Teels Marsh Area


    Geothermometry At Teels Marsh Area (Shevenell, Et Al., 2008) Teels Marsh Area


    Geothermometry At The Needles Area (DOE GTP) The Needles Area


    Geothermometry At U.S. Midwest Region (Vugrinovich, 1987) U.S. Midwest Region


    Geothermometry At Upper Hot Creek Ranch Area (Benoit & Blackwell, 2006) Upper Hot Creek Ranch Area


    Geothermometry At Walker-Lane Transitional Zone Region (Laney, 2005) Walker-Lane Transition Zone Geothermal Region


    Geothermometry At Walker-Lane Transitional Zone Region (Shevenell & De Rocher, 2005) Walker-Lane Transition Zone Geothermal Region


    Geothermometry At Yellowstone Region (Fournier, 1979) Yellowstone Caldera Geothermal Region
    1. Unspecified
    2. Any
    3. Akutan Fumaroles Area
    4. Alum Geothermal Area
    5. Blackfoot Reservoir Area
    6. Blue Mountain Geothermal Area
    7. Buffalo Valley Hot Springs Area
    8. Central Nevada Seismic Zone Geothermal Region
    9. Chena Geothermal Area
    10. Clear Lake Area
    11. Columbus Salt Marsh Area
    12. Coso Geothermal Area
    13. Desert Queen Area
    14. Fenton Hill HDR Geothermal Area
    15. Fish Lake Valley Area
    16. Fort Bliss Area
    17. Gabbs Alkali Flat Area
    18. Geyser Bight Area
    19. Haleakala Volcano Area
    20. Honokowai Area
    21. Hot Springs Ranch Area
    22. International Geothermal Area Mexico
    23. International Geothermal Area New Zealand
    24. International Geothermal Area Turkey
    25. Kawaihae Area
    26. Kilauea East Rift Geothermal Area
    27. Lahaina-Kaanapali Area
    28. Lassen Volcanic National Park Area
    29. Lightning Dock Area
    30. Long Valley Caldera Geothermal Area
    31. Lualualei Valley Area
    32. Mauna Loa Northeast Rift Area
    33. Mt Princeton Hot Springs Geothermal Area
    34. Mt St Helens Area
    35. Neal Hot Springs Geothermal Area
    36. Nevada Test And Training Range Area
    37. New River Area
    38. Northern Basin and Range Geothermal Region
    39. Northwest Basin and Range Geothermal Region
    40. Olowalu-Ukumehame Canyon Area
    41. Raft River Geothermal Area
    42. Reese River Area
    43. Rhodes Marsh Area
    44. Roosevelt Hot Springs Geothermal Area
    45. Salt Wells Geothermal Area
    46. Silver Peak Area
    47. Socorro Mountain Area
    48. Teels Marsh Area
    49. The Needles Area
    50. U.S. Midwest Region
    51. Upper Hot Creek Ranch Area
    52. Walker-Lane Transition Zone Geothermal Region
    53. Yellowstone Caldera Geothermal Region



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