World Bank Renewable Energy Toolkit

The Word Bank's REToolKit is designed "to assist Bank staff and country counterparts to improve the design and implementation of renewable energy (RE) projects, incorporates best practices and lessons learned from RE projects supported by the WBG and others, and is operationally oriented to address practical implementation needs at each stage in the project cycle."

The toolkit consists of a set of downloadable documents describing the application of renewable energy technologies for grid-connected, mini-grid, and stand-alone projects. The documents include:

• Reports on best practices and lessons learned
• Case study descriptions
• Technical standards documents
• Procurement specifications and bidding documents
• Terms of reference documents covering a range of topics, from business development, financing, assessments, regulatory topics, monitoring and evaluation, etc.

The toolkit also includes an annotated list of other websites with relevant information.

Issues

Renewable energy (RE) systems offer a sustainable path towards energy security and economic development for nations around the world, while also meeting the need to mitigate climate change and reduce local air pollution. In the form of grid connected, mini grid and stand alone systems, renewable energy complements and enhances the capacity of conventional energy systems to provide reliable and affordable electric power to businesses and households alike, and to extend electricity services to remote populations.

Renewable energy systems can be the least cost option for grid-connected power in locations where renewable energy resources are plentiful and the costs of alternative sources of generation are high. For off-grid applications, mini-grid and stand-alone renewable energy systems can be a cost-effective alternative to grid-based or diesel based rural electrification which is often too costly for sparsely populated and remote areas. The WBG supports all forms of renewable energy - hydropower, geothermal, wind, biomass, and solar - regardless of scale as long as they are economic and both environmentally and socially sound.

This chapter reviews the global status and costs of renewables as of 2007 and describes the environmental, economic and development benefits of renewable energy projects. The benefits are followed by a discussion of the economic, legal, financial and institutional barriers to renewable energy and finally an overview of approaches to overcome these barriers, including improved economic valuation of renewables, carbon financing and other potential funds to support renewable energy projects in developing countries. Specific considerations for each type of renewable energy system (grid, minigrid and stand-alone) are elaborated in subsequent chapters.

Full Text

Knowledge Documents

General Renewable Energy

Economic and Financial Analysis

• Technical and Economic Assessment: Off Grid, Mini-Grid and Grid Electrification Technologies
• World Bank Good Practice Guidelines. Financial Analysis of Revenue Generating-Entities
• HOMER
• RETSCREEN

Best Practices and Lessons Learnt

• REN21 Renewable Energy Policy Network, 2009, "Renewables 2009 Global Status Report," Washington, DC: WorldWatch Institute
• Meeting the Challenge of Rural Electrification in Developing Nations, Douglas F. Barnes, editor, ESMAP Discussion Version
• World Energy Council: Renewable Energy Projects Handbook
• Capacity Development, Education and Training: Integrated and Sustained Action is the Key, Thematic Background Paper, John Christensen, Global Network on Energy for Sustainable Development
• Guarantee Funds for Small Enterprises, A Manual for Guarantee Fund Managers, Linda Deelen and Klaas Molenaar
• World Bank/Sri Lanka, Energy Services Delivery Project, Impacts Assessment and Lessons Learned, International Resources Group
• GEF-FAO Workshop on Productive Uses of Renewable Energy: Experience, Strategies, and Project Development Summary, FAO Headquarters, Rome, Italy
• G EF-FAO Workshop on Productive Uses of Renewable Energy: Experience, Strategies, and Project Development Synthesis Report, FAO Headquarters, Rome, Italy
• Renewable Energy Markets in Developing Countries, Eric Martinot, Akanksha Chaurey, Debra Lew, Jose Roberto Moreira, and Njeri Wamukonya, Annual Review of Energy and the Environment
• Results of the GEF Climate Change Program, Global Environment Facility, Monitoring and Evaluation Unit
• Bioenergy Primer: Modernized Biomass Energy for Sustainable Development, Sivan Kartha and Eric D. Larson, United Nations Development Programme
• Best Practices Guide for Productive Use Marketing, Sales and Management
• Regulation of Grid and Off-Grid Electrification: Three Observations and Six Principles, Bernard Tenenbaum, ESMAP and World Bank

Financing Mechanisms

RE Financing

• SHS Risk Sharing Financing Mechanism pilot tested in Palawan
• Financing Renewable Energy: Instruments, Strategies, Practice Approaches (KfW)
• Mobilising Finance for Renewable Energies: Thematic Background Paper,Virginia Sonntag-O’Brien, Basel Agency for Sustainable Energy and Eric Usher, UN Environment Programme
• Renewable Energy Finance & Investment Network (REFIN), 2004 Version.

Carbon Financing

• Small-Scale Clean Development Mechanism Project Handbook
• Clean Development Mechanism and Joint Implementation: New Instruments for Financing Renewable Energy Technologies,Thematic Background Paper
• A Guide to Bundling Small-scale CDM Projects, Developed for the EU Synergy CDM Pool Project by IT Power UK, Energy Research Centre of the Netherlands (ECN), and IT Power India

Legal Documents and Operation Manuals

Legal Documents

• Legal and Regulatory Framework for Wind Power in Russia: Model For Obtaining Approvals and Licenses for Construction and Operation of Wind Power Plants, ZAO Lidesm, Princeton Energy Resource International, LLC, CMT Consulting, LLC, and Morse Associates
• Legal and Regulatory Framework for Wind Power in Russia: Power Purchase Agreements for Wind Power Plants, ZAO Lidesm, Princeton Energy Resource International, LLC, CMT Consulting, LLC, and Morse Associates, Inc.
• Legal and Regulatory Framework for Wind Power in Russia: Federal Wholesale Markets, Wind Power Sector Participation Process and Agreements. ZAO Lidesm, Princeton Energy Resource International, LLC, CMT Consulting, LLC, and Morse Associates, Inc.
• Act Revising the Legislation on Renewable Energy Sources in the Electricity Sector of Germany
• Small Power Purchase Agreement Application for Renewable Energy Development: Lessons from Five Asian Countries, Asia Alternative Energy Program, World Bank, Steven Ferrey
• Commercial Agreements and Documentation for Wind Power Plant Projects in Russia, General Lease of Land for Wind Power Use, ZAO Lidesm, Princeton Energy Resource International, LLC, CMT Consulting, LLC, and Morse Associates, Inc.

Operation Manuals

• Draft Final Report on Investment Management Contracts (IMC) for Electricity Cooperatives, For Government of Philippines Department of Energy, Castalia Strategic Advisors
• Kingdom of Cambodia Rural Electrification Fund (REF): Operational Manual
• Guarantee Program Implementation Agreement, World Bank/GEF Philippines Electric Cooperative System Loss Reduction Project
• Cambodia Power Sector: Technical Assistance for Capacity Building of the Electricity Authority of Cambodia
• Guarantee Funds for Small Enterprises, A Manual for Guarantee Fund Managers, Linda Deelen and Klaas Molenaar
• Operational Manual to Development Bank of Turkey, Renewable Energy Loan ProjectJ
• Philippines Rural Power Project, Project Implementation Plan and Operations Manual Prepared by Philippines Department of Energy and Development Bank of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines
• Operating Guidelines for Bangladesh Rural Electrification and Renewable Energy Development Project IDCOL Component
• Project Implementation Plan: China REDP Technology Improvement Component
• Project Implementation Plan: China REDP PV Implementation Manual
• Project Implementation Plan: Windfarm Development Component, China Renewable Energy Development Project
• Operations Manual: Philippines Rural Power Project
• Project Implementation Plan: Rural Electrification Sub-Projects and Capacity Building Components on Philippines Renewable Energy Technology Project

Market Development Studies

• Energy-policy Framework Conditions for Electricity Markets and Renewable Energies: 21 Country Analyses, TERNA Wind Energy Programme, GTZ
• Global Renewable Energy Markets and Policies, Eric Martinot, University of Maryland, School of Public Affairs
• The Potentials of Renewable Energy, Thematic Background Paper, Thomas B. Johansson, Kes McCormick, Lena Neij, Wim Turkenburg
• Renewable Energy Policies and Market Developments, A.L. van Dijk, L.W.M. Beurskens, M.G. Boots, M.B.T. Kaal, T.J. de Lange, E.J.W. van Sambeek, M.A. Uyterlinde
• Renewable Energy in Mexico: Current Situation and Perspectives, Instituto Tecnológico Autónomo de México, World Bank and Secretaría de Energía
• Renewable Energy Markets in Developing Countries, Eric Martinot, Akanksha Chaurey, Debra Lew, Jose Roberto Moreira, and Njeri Wamukonya, Global Environment Facility.
• Brochure, Renewable Energy Development in China, Debra Lew, NREL
• Overview of Renewable Energy Development in China: Recent Progress and Future Prospects, China Renewable Energy Scale-up Program Management Office

Policy and Regulatory Studies

• Regulator's Handbook on Renewable Energy Programs & Tariffs, The Center for Resource Solutions.
• Conference Issue Paper, Renewables 2004, International Conference for Renewable Energies
• Electricity, Renewables and Climate Change: Searching for a Cost-Effective Policy, Karen Palmer and Dallas Burtraw, Resources for the Future
• Global Renewable Energy Markets and Policies, Eric Martinot, University of Maryland, School of Public Affairs
• The Case for Renewable Energies: Thematic Background Paper, José Goldemberg, Instituto de Electronica e Energia Universidade de São Paulo
• National Policy Instruments, Policy Lessons for the Advancement and Diffusion of Renewable Energy Technologies around the World, Thematic Background Paper, Janet L. Sawin, Worldwatch Institute
• Vietnam, Renewable Energy Action Plan, ESMAP

Productive Uses and Development Impact

Productive Uses

• Productive Uses of Energy for Rural Development, R. Anil Cabraal, Douglas F. Barnes, and Sachin G. Agarwal, Annual Rev. Environ. Resour. 2005. 30:117-44.
• Millennium Development Goals: Status 2004, United Nations
• Energy and Gender
• Bioenergy-Based Productive Use Platforms for Rural Economic Development, Jerome Weingart, Community Power Corp
• Survey of Productive Uses of Electricity in Rural Areas, Africa Energy Unit and World Bank, Robert E. Fishbein
• Energy for the Poor, Underpinning the Millennium Development Goals, Department for International Development.
• GEF-FAO Workshop on Productive Uses of Renewable Energy: Experience, Strategies, and Project Development Summary, FAO Headquarters, Rome, Italy
• GEF-FAO Workshop on Productive Uses of Renewable Energy: Experience, Strategies, and Project Development Synthesis Report, FAO Headquarters, Rome, Italy
• Enabling Equitable Access to Rural Electrification: Current Thinking and Major Activities in Energy, Poverty and Gender, Elizabeth Cecelski
• Meeting the Challenge for Rural Energy and Development, World Bank

Development Impacts

• An Innovative Fruit and Vegetable Market Information System in Sri Lanka: The Govi Gnana (Farmer Knowledge) Service, Harsha de Silva
• Energy for Development: The Potential Role of Renewable Energy in Meeting the Millennium Development Goals, prepared for the REN21 Network by the Worldwatch Institute, Washington, DC
• Zambia: Energy and ICT access project, Cross-sectoral links with health and education, World Bank
• Final Report, The Development Impact of Solar Home System in the Province of Lampung, Yayasan Dian Desa

Grid Renewable Energy

Economic and Financial Analysis

• South Africa: Renewable Energy Market Transformation (REMT) Project, Draft Report, Economic and Financial Analysis Due Diligence
• Estimating Air Pollution Emissions from Fossil Fuel Use in the Electricity Sector in Mexico, North American Commission for Environmental Cooperation
• New Energy for America, The Apollo Jobs Report: Good Jobs & Energy Independence
• Accounting for Fuel Price Risk When Comparing Renewable to Gas-Fired Generation: The Role of Forward Natural Gas Prices, Mark Bolinger, Ryan Wiser, and William Golove, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
• Cost Benefit Analysis for Renewable Energy in Croatia, Final Report for HBOR and World Bank/GEF
• Economic and Financial Analysis of the China Renewable Energy Scaleup Programme (CRESP), Volume I: The Economically Optimal Quantity of Grid-connected Renewable Energy, Peter Meier
• Introduction to Environmental Externality Costs
• ESMAP Mexico: TA for Long-term Program for Renewable Energy Development
• Economic Analysis of Mexico Wind Project, Donald Hertzmark
• A Portfolio Approach to Energy Planning in Mexico, World Bank, Shimon Awerbuch, Ph.D. and Martin Berger, D-Ing

Best Practices and Lessons Learnt

• Regulation of Grid and Off-Grid Electrification: Three Observations and Six Principles, Bernard Tenenbaum, ESMAP and World Bank
• Small Power Purchase Agreement Application for Renewable Energy Development: Lessons from Five Asian Countries, Asia Alternative Energy Program, World Bank, Steven Ferrey

Financing Mechanisms

• "Financial Risk Management Instruments for Renewable Energy Projects, Summary Document, United Nations Environment Programme Division of Technology, Industry and Economics."

Policy and Regulatory Studies

• Independent Evaluation of the ILZRO/RAPS Diesel/PV Hybrid System in Padre Cocha, the Amazon Region of Peru (CONSOLIDATED SUMMARY)
• Evaluating Impacts of Air Pollution in China on Public Health: Implications for Future Air Pollution and Energy Policies, Xiaoping Wang and Denise L. Mauzerall, Princeton University
• Comparison of Feed in Tariff, Quota and Auction Mechanisms to Support Wind Power Development, Lucy Butler and Karsten Neuhoff, Massachusetts Institute of Technology & Center for Energy and Environmental Policy Research
• Renewable Energy in China, Grid Connected Wind Power in China, National Renewable Energy Laboratory
• Policy Options to Promote Renewable Energy in China, Draft
• Removing Subsidies: Leveling the Playing Field for Renewable Energy Technologies, Thematic Background Paper, ICRE, Bonn
• Policies for Wind Energy Integration into the Nicaragua National Grid System, CNE/ESMAP
• Renewable Energy Policies and Barriers, Fred Beck, Renewable Energy Policy Project and Eric Martinot, Global Environment Facility, Encyclopedia of Energy, Cutler J. Cleveland, ed., Academic Press/Elsevier Science
• White Paper on Renewable Energy, South Africa Department of Minerals and Energy
• Power Sector Reform and the Poor in Central America, Draft, World Bank
• Grid-Based Renewable Energy in Developing Countries: Policies, Lessons and Strategies from the GEF, World Renewable Energy Policy and Strategy Forum, Eric Martinot, Global Environment Facility
• Plan of Action for the Large-Scale and Sustainable Implementation of Renewable Energy in Mexico, Dr. Jorge M. Huacuz V., Insitiuto de Investigacionies Electricas
• The Renewable Energy Policy Manual, U.S. Export Council for Renewable Energy, A. John Armstrong, Esq. & Dr. Jan Hamrin
• Report on the Sri Lanka Standardized Contract and Tariff for the Acquisition of Electric Energy and Capacity from Small Power Producers
• Published Small Power Purchase Tariff for Sri Lanka
• ESMAP: México Technical Assistance for Long-Term Program for Renewable Energy Development Executive Summary, (Draft)

Legal Documents

• Legal and Regulatory Framework for Wind Power in Russia, Final Report, Executive Summary, ZAO Lidesm, Princeton Energy Resource International, LLC, CMT Consulting, LLC, and Morse Associates, Inc.
• Legal and Regulatory Framework for Windpower in Russia, Global Environment Facility and International Finance Corporation (GEF/IFC), Wind Power Tariffs, ZAO Lidesm, Princeton Energy Resource International, LLC, CMT Consulting, LLC, and Morse Associates,
• Legal and Regulatory Framework for Wind Power in Russia, Legislation for Oblast Financial Incentives for Wind Power Plants, ZAO Lidesm, Princeton Energy Resource International, LLC, CMT Consulting, LLC, and Morse Associates, Inc.
• Legal and Regulatory Framework for Wind Power in Russia, Power Purchase Agreements for Wind Power Plants, ZAO Lidesm, Princeton Energy Resource International, LLC, CMT Consulting, LLC, and Morse Associates, Inc
• Legal and Regulatory Framework for Wind Power in Russia, Model for Obtaining Approvals and Licenses for Construction and Operation of Wind Power Plants
• Legal and Regulatory Framework for Wind Power in Russia, Federal Wholesale Markets: Wind Power Sector Participation Process and Agreements, ZAO Lidesm, Princeton Energy Resource International, LLC, CMT Consulting, LLC, and Morse Associates, Inc
• Legal and Regulatory Framework for Wind Power in Russia, Environmental Assessment for a 75MW Wind Power Plant, ZAO Lidesm, Princeton Energy Resource International, LLC, CMT Consulting, LLC, and Morse Associates, Inc.
• Act Revising the Legislation on Renewable Energy Sources in the Electricity Sector of Germany

Mini Grid Renewable Energy

Economic and Financial Analysis

• Productive Uses of Energy for Rural Developmen
• Independent Evaluation of the ILZRO/RAPS Diesel/PV Hybrid System in Padre Cocha, the Amazon Region of Peru (CONSOLIDATED SUMMARY)
• Electricity Costs of PV-Hybrid vs. Diesel in Microgrids for Village Power, X. Vallvé, G. Gafas, C. Arias, J.J. Mendoza, C. Torra., 17th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition
• Sri Lanka Energy Services Delivery Project Published Small Power Purchase Tariff
• Tariff Structures, A "Universal" PV-Based Rural Electrification Scheme, O. Gavaldà, X.Vallvé, I.Vosseler, Trama Tecnoambiental

Best Practices and Lessons Learnt

• China Village Power Project Development Guidebook: Getting Power to the People Who Need it Most, a publication of the SEPA/UNDP/GEF project CPR/97/G31, Capacity Building for Rapid Commercialization of Renewable Energy in China
• "PV Hybrid Village Electrification In Spain: 6 Years Experience with MSG (Multi-user Solar Hybrid Grids), Vosseler, E. Ramírez, X. Vallvé, Trama Tecnoambiental S.L. and J. M. Carreras, Asociación SEBA."
• Meeting the Challenge of Rural Electrification in Developing Nations: The experience of successful programs, ESMAP Discussion Report
• Rural Electrification, Micro-finance and Micro and Small Business (MSB) Development: Lessons for the Nicaragua Off-grid Rural Electrification Project, ESMAP, M. Motta and K. Reiche
• Best Practice Manual: Promoting Decentralized Electrification Investment, Energy Sector Management Assistance Programme, Joint UNDP/World Bank
• Mini- Grid Design Manual, ESMAP
• Best Practices for Sustainable Development of Micro Hydro Power in Developing Countries, Smail Khennas and Andrew Barnett, the Department for International Development, UK and The World Bank
• Expanding electricity access to remote areas: off-grid rural electrification in developing countries
• Lessons Learned, NREL Village Power Program
• The Status Quo, Barriers, and Countermeasures to Small Hydropower Development in Rural China, Hydropower and Rural Electrification Development Bureau, the Ministry of Water Conservancy, Liu Jinghe
• China Village Power Project Development Guidebook: Getting Power to the People Who Need it Most, a publication of the SEPA/UNDP/GEF project CPR/97/G31, Capacity Building for Rapid Commercialization of Renewable Energy in China

Financing Mechanisms

• Rural Electrification, Micro-finance and Micro and Small Business (MSB) Development: Lessons for the Nicaragua Off-grid Rural Electrification Project, ESMAP, M. Motta and K. Reiche.

Policy and Regulatory Studies

• Promoting Electrification: Regulatory Principles and a Model Law. Kilian Reich, Bernard Tenenbaum and Clemenica Torres, ESMAP
• Independent Evaluation of the ILZRO/RAPS Diesel/PV Hybrid System in Padre Cocha, the Amazon Region of Peru (CONSOLIDATED SUMMARY)
• An ESMAP study presenting technical and economic (part 1), and financial and institutional (part 2) evaluation of the sustainability and replicability of the RAPS system at Padre Cocha, Peru.
• Philippines Rural Electrification Regulatory Framework: Final Draft Report, Alex Sundakov, Castalia Strategic Advisors
• “The Marginalization of “Small is Beautiful”: Micro-hydroelectricity, Common Property, and the Polities of Rural Electricity Provision in Thailand. C.E. Greacen.
• Small is Pitiful: Micro-hydroelectricity and the Politics of Rural Electricity Provision in Thailand, Chris Greacen, Energy and Resources Group, UC Berkeley

Stand-Alone Renewable Energy

Economic and Financial Analysis

• Economic Analysis of Solar Home Systems: A Case Study for the Philippines, Peter Meier, Prepared for The World Bank, Washington, D.C.

Best Practices and Lessons Learnt

• Strengthening PV Business in China, A World Bank Renewable Energy Development Project, Renewable Energy World, Anil Cabraal
• REED Toolkit, A Handbook for Energy Entrepreneurs, United Nations Environment Programme and United Nations Foundation
• Rural Energy Services, Best Practices, Nexant, Lalith Gunaratne
• World Bank/GEF Solar Home Systems Projects: Experiences and Lessons Learned 1993-2000, Eric Martinot, Anil Cabraal, and Subodh Mathur
• Rural Energy Supply Models - RESuM
• Best Practices for PV Household Electrification Programs, Anil Cabraal, Mac Cosgrove-Davies, and Loretta Schaeffer, World Bank

Financing Mechanisms

• Indian Solar Loan Programme: Programme Overview and Performance Report
• Microfinance to Increase Access to Energy Services, The Women
• Financing Renewable Energy: Seeds

Market Studies

• Financing Renewable Energy: Seeds
• Assessing Markets for Renewable Energy in Rural Areas of Northwestern China, Tuntivate Voravate, Douglas E Barnes, V Susan Bogach, The World Bank, Washington, D.C.
• Project “EDISON:” Market Assessment Study on PV System, PSRC Research International
• PV Trade Organizations
• Current Status of PV in China, Wang Sicheng, Beijing Jike Energy New Tech Company, Beijing, PRC
• PVGAP

Policy and Regulatory Studies

• PV for Rural Electrification in Restructured Power Sectors in Developing Countries, Anil Cabraal and Kevin Fitzgerald
• Strengthening PV Business in China, A World Bank Renewable Energy Development Project, Renewable Energy World, Anil Cabraal

Case Studies

Renewable Energy Case Studies

Grid-Connected Renewable Energy Systems

• China Renewable Energy: A Programmatic Approach
• Sri Lanka: Renewable Energy Program
• Thailand: Small Power Producer Program
• Uganda Energy for Rural Transformation Program
• Mexico: Large Scale Renewable Energy Development Project
• Turkey Renewable Energy Project
• Germany's Pricing Law Case Study

Mini Grid Renewable Energy Systems

• Sri Lanka RE Program: village hydro
• China: Capacity Building for the Rapid Commercialization of Renewable Energy
• The Philippines: Biomass Gasifier–Based Community Productive Uses
• Mexico: Renewable Energy for Agriculture
• Peru: solar/diesel hybrid RAPS system
• Thailand: Mini-grid rural electrification
• Chile: Rural Electricity Subsidies and the Private Sector

Stand Alone Renewable Energy Systems

• Nepal: Biogas Support Programme
• Sri Lanka RE Program: solar PV
• India: consumer credit program for PV
• China Renewable Energy Development -solar PV
• Bangladesh: Solar Home Program on Credit Sales
• SELCO: credit sale model
• PVMTI: IFC/GEF PV program
• Argentine Off-grid Electrification Concessionaire
• Bolivia: Decentralized Energy for Rural Transformation Program
• Nicaragua Off-grid Rural Electrification Project
• Soluz: Fee-for-service model
• Uganda Energy for Rural Transformation Program
• Senegal: Diffusion of Energy Services in Rural Areas

Technology Module

General

• Generation and Transmission Interconnection Process Overview, PJM Manual, Transmission and Interconnection Planning Department, System Planning Division, PJM Interconnection, LLC

Wind

• Legal and Regulatory Framework for Wind Power in Russia, Grid Interconnection and Operation for Wind Power Plants, ZAO Lidesm, Princeton Energy Resource International, LLC, CMT Consulting, LLC, and Morse Associates, Inc.
• Technical Specifications and Drawings (Section VI), China Renewable Energy Development Project, Wind Farms, World Bank
• IEC 61400-2 Small Wind Turbine Safety
• IEC 61400-11 Noise Measurement
• IEC 61400-12 Power Performance
• IEC 61400-13 Mechanical Load Measurements
• IEC 61400-21 Power Quality
• IEC 61400-22 Wind Turbine Certification
• IEC 61400-23 Blade Structural Testing
• IEC 61400-24 Lightening Protection

Photovoltaics

• Portable Solar Photovoltaic Lanterns: Performance and Certification Specification, and Type Approval, ESMAP TECHNICAL PAPER 078
• Testing of Storage Batteries used in Stand Alone Photovoltaic Power Systems, Test procedures and examples of test results
• Technical Specifications for Solar Home Systems (SHS), Rural Electrification and Renewable Energy Development (PV Component) Project (REREDP), Technical Standards Committee, Bangladesh
• Specifications for Solar Home Systems, Sri Lanka, Renewable Energy for Rural Economic Development Project
• Specifications for Solar Lanterns, Sri Lanka, Renewable Energy for Rural Economic Development Project
• Solar Photovoltaic Systems and Photovoltaic/Wind Hybrid Systems Specifications and Qualifying Requirements, China Renewable Energy Development Project, Photovoltaic Market Development Component, PMO, GEF/World Bank
• Classification Determination Procedures for stand-alone PV Systems, General Guide, SNI
• Cell and Secondary Battery for Individual Photovoltaic Electrical Power Generation - General Requirement and Testing Method
• Photovoltaic Lighting System Performance, Test Requirements and Procedures, SNI
• Battery Charge Regulator (BCR) - Electrical Requirements and Test Procedures

Village Hydro

• Village Hydro Specifications

Biomass

• Modernized Biomass Energy in China, Jilin

Renewable Energy Terms of Reference

Business Development

• Framework for Strengthening Investment Climate for Renewable Energy
• Identification of Productive Uses of Electricity and Design of Business Development Services
• Design of a Promotion Program for Electricity-Related Livelihood Activities in Rural Areas
• Business Development Assistance for Rural Electrification Project

Cross Sectoral Assessments

• Reconnaissance for Landfill-Gas-to Energy Projects

Designing Financing Mechanisms

• Design of Micro-hydro Funding Facility and Community Mobilization Support
• Design of Institutional and Financial Intermediation Scheme for a Micro hydro Power Development Program
• Design of a Rural Energy Fund

Economic and Financial Analyses

• Techno-Economic Comparison of Off-grid Options -- Assessment of Household, Battery Charging and Isolated Micro-Grid Systems
• Economic Analysis of Solar PV Systems Component

Institutional Arrangements for Implementation

• Solar Home Systems Business Planning Advisory Services
• Preparation, Administration, Monitoring and Evaluation of the Solar Battery Charging Stations Subproject
• Off-Grid Rural Electrification Project Advisor
• PV Market Study
• Establishment of Project Support Group
• Establishment of Processes and Procedures for EPC Contracting

Job Descriptions

• PV Market Development Component Manager
• PMO Executive Director: Photovoltaic Market Development Component
• Accountant: Photovoltaic Market Development Component
• Contracts Manager: Photovoltaic Market Development Component
• Bookkeeper: Photovoltaic Market Development Component
• Provision Of PV System Installation Verification Services
• PV Market Development Component Assistant: Photovoltaic Market Development Component
• PV Market Development Component Deputy Manager: Photovoltaic Market Development Component
• Deputy Project Director: Rural Power Project
• Technology Improvement Manager: China Renewable Energy Development Project
• Management Information Systems Consultant: Photovoltaic Market Development and Technology Improvement Components
• Grants Management and Reimbursement of Services for Testing of Products: Photovoltaic Market Development Component

Laws, Policies and Regulations

• Sustainable Service Delivery Model Through Distributed Renewable Generation in Rural Electricity Supply
• Rationalization of Subsidy Policy for Rural Electrification
• Windfarm Concessions Design
• Renewable Energy Small Power Purchase Arrangements
• Review of Renewable Energy Policy and Regulatory Environment
• International Technical Advisors for Design of Mandated Market Share Policy Pilot

Monitoring and Evaluation

• Design of a Monitoring and Evaluation Plan
• Audit of Solar Home Systems Project
• Mid-term Review Panel for Solar Home Systems Project
• Socio-Economic Survey of the Photovoltaic Pilot Project

Pipeline Development

• Preparation of Mini-hydro Private Power Projects
• Off-Grid Village Hydro Subproject Preparation
• Off-Grid Subprojects Pipeline Development
• Pipeline Development of Wind Farm Projects - Local Consultants
• Bagasse/Rice Husk Co-generation Project Preparation
• Biomass Cogeneration Projects Preparation
• Design of a PV Pilot Concession
• Turnkey Micro hydro-diesel Hybrid Demonstration Projects for Two Isolated Communities
• Assessment of Potential for Replicating Selected Renewable Energy Technologies in the Long Term Off grid Electrification Plan
• Preparation of Pilot Wind Power Subprojects

Specifications, Testing & Certification

• Establishment of Local PV Systems Certification Capability
• Preparation of Small Private Power Producers Grid Connection Standards
• Establishment of Local PV System Battery Testing Procedure

Workshops and Study Tours

• Study Tour to Sri Lanka on Growth of Off-grid Renewable Energy Industry
• Facilitation of Object Oriented Program Planning Workshop for Rural Electrification Policy and Strategy Development
• Community Energy Supply Options Capacity Building Activity