Type B: Andesitic Volcanic Resource
Brophy Occurrence Models
Andesitic resources are typically found in volcanic regions of subduction zones and are the most common type of resource found. The input of magma as a heat source and high strain rates contribute to the prolific development of geothermal systems in andesitic-volcanic belts. Examples include most resources in the Philippines, Indonesia, Central America, and South America.
According to Brophy, andesitic-volcanic resources typically have the following properties:
- Topography – Usually mountainous
- Climate – Variable, usually high precipitation
- Depth to resource – Deep to moderate
- Surface manifestations – Restricted- depending on depth and shallow ground water
- Permeability – Low to moderate fracture permeability – often high
Examples
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Geothermal Resource Area | Geothermal Region | Control Structure | Host Rock Age | Host Rock Lithology | Mean Capacity | Mean Reservoir Temp |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ahuachapan Geothermal Area | Central American Volcanic Arc Chain | 95 MW95,000 kW <br />95,000,000 W <br />95,000,000,000 mW <br />0.095 GW <br />9.5e-5 TW <br /> | 503.15 K230 °C <br />446 °F <br />905.67 °R <br /> | |||
Akita Geothermal Field | Northeast Honshu Arc | Major Normal Fault | Tertiary | Dacite | 88.3 MW88,300 kW <br />88,300,000 W <br />88,300,000,000 mW <br />0.0883 GW <br />8.83e-5 TW <br /> | 548.15 K275 °C <br />527 °F <br />986.67 °R <br /> |
Bac-Man Laguna Geothermal Area | Philippine Island Arc | Fault Intersection | Volcanic | 150 MW150,000 kW <br />150,000,000 W <br />150,000,000,000 mW <br />0.15 GW <br />1.5e-4 TW <br /> | 543.15 K270 °C <br />518 °F <br />977.67 °R <br /> | |
Berlín Geothermal Area | Central American Volcanic Arc Chain | Andesite | 109 MW109,000 kW <br />109,000,000 W <br />109,000,000,000 mW <br />0.109 GW <br />1.09e-4 TW <br /> | 513.15 K240 °C <br />464 °F <br />923.67 °R <br /> | ||
Bouillante Geothermal Area | Lesser Antilles Volcanic Arc | Fault Intersection Major Normal Fault | Chlorite | 15 MW15,000 kW <br />15,000,000 W <br />15,000,000,000 mW <br />0.015 GW <br />1.5e-5 TW <br /> | 528.15 K255 °C <br />491 °F <br />950.67 °R <br /> | |
East Nusatenngara | Indonesia Geothermal Region | 1.8 MW1,800 kW <br />1,800,000 W <br />1,800,000,000 mW <br />0.0018 GW <br />1.8e-6 TW <br /> | 558.15 K285 °C <br />545 °F <br />1,004.67 °R <br /> | |||
Fang Geothermal Area | Thailand Geothermal Region | Major Normal Fault | Granite | 0.3 MW300 kW <br />300,000 W <br />300,000,000 mW <br />3.0e-4 GW <br />3.0e-7 TW <br /> | 418.15 K145 °C <br />293 °F <br />752.67 °R <br /> | |
Fukushima Geothermal Area | Northeast Honshu Arc | Major Normal Fault | 65 MW65,000 kW <br />65,000,000 W <br />65,000,000,000 mW <br />0.065 GW <br />6.5e-5 TW <br /> | 579.15 K306 °C <br />582.8 °F <br />1,042.47 °R <br /> | ||
Gunun-Salak Geothermal Area | Sunda Volcanic Arc | Major Normal Fault | 345 MW345,000 kW <br />345,000,000 W <br />345,000,000,000 mW <br />0.345 GW <br />3.45e-4 TW <br /> | 548.15 K275 °C <br />527 °F <br />986.67 °R <br /> | ||
Hachijojima Geothermal Area | Northeast Honshu Arc | 3.3 MW3,300 kW <br />3,300,000 W <br />3,300,000,000 mW <br />0.0033 GW <br />3.3e-6 TW <br /> | 556.15 K283 °C <br />541.4 °F <br />1,001.07 °R <br /> | |||
Java - Darajat Geothermal Area | Sunda Volcanic Arc | Major Normal Fault | Volcanics | 255 MW255,000 kW <br />255,000,000 W <br />255,000,000,000 mW <br />0.255 GW <br />2.55e-4 TW <br /> | 518.15 K245 °C <br />473 °F <br />932.67 °R <br /> | |
Java - Dieng Geothermal Area | Sunda Volcanic Arc | Lavas | 60 MW60,000 kW <br />60,000,000 W <br />60,000,000,000 mW <br />0.06 GW <br />6.0e-5 TW <br /> | 598.15 K325 °C <br />617 °F <br />1,076.67 °R <br /> | ||
Java - Kamojang Geothermal Area | Sunda Volcanic Arc | Major Normal Fault | 200 MW200,000 kW <br />200,000,000 W <br />200,000,000,000 mW <br />0.2 GW <br />2.0e-4 TW <br /> | 518.15 K245 °C <br />473 °F <br />932.67 °R <br /> | ||
Java-Wayang Windu Geothermal Area | Sunda Volcanic Arc | Major Normal Fault | 227 MW227,000 kW <br />227,000,000 W <br />227,000,000,000 mW <br />0.227 GW <br />2.27e-4 TW <br /> | 558.15 K285 °C <br />545 °F <br />1,004.67 °R <br /> | ||
Kagoshima Geothermal Area | Ryuku Arc | Fault Intersection | Neogene to recent | Volcanic Rocks, Andesite | 0.1 MW100 kW <br />100,000 W <br />100,000,000 mW <br />1.0e-4 GW <br />1.0e-7 TW <br /> | 512.15 K239 °C <br />462.2 °F <br />921.87 °R <br /> |
Las Tres Virgenes Geothermal Area | Baja Peninsula Geothermal Region | Granodiorite | 10 MW10,000 kW <br />10,000,000 W <br />10,000,000,000 mW <br />0.01 GW <br />1.0e-5 TW <br /> | 553.15 K280 °C <br />536 °F <br />995.67 °R <br /> | ||
Leyte Geothermal Area | Philippine Island Arc | Andesite | 714.9 MW714,900 kW <br />714,900,000 W <br />714,900,000,000 mW <br />0.715 GW <br />7.149e-4 TW <br /> | 553.15 K280 °C <br />536 °F <br />995.67 °R <br /> | ||
Los Azufres Geothermal Area | Transmexican Volcanic Belt | Miocene-Pliocene | Andesite | 188 MW188,000 kW <br />188,000,000 W <br />188,000,000,000 mW <br />0.188 GW <br />1.88e-4 TW <br /> | 448.15 K175 °C <br />347 °F <br />806.67 °R <br /> | |
Maibarara Geothermal Area | Philippines Geothermal Region | 20 MW20,000 kW <br />20,000,000 W <br />20,000,000,000 mW <br />0.02 GW <br />2.0e-5 TW <br /> | 541.15 K268 °C <br />514.4 °F <br />974.07 °R <br /> | |||
Mendeleevskaya Geothermal Area | Kuril-Kamchatka Arc | 1.8 MW1,800 kW <br />1,800,000 W <br />1,800,000,000 mW <br />0.0018 GW <br />1.8e-6 TW <br /> | 553.15 K280 °C <br />536 °F <br />995.67 °R <br /> | |||
Mindanao Geothermal Area | Philippine Island Arc | 105 MW105,000 kW <br />105,000,000 W <br />105,000,000,000 mW <br />0.105 GW <br />1.05e-4 TW <br /> | 533.15 K260 °C <br />500 °F <br />959.67 °R <br /> | |||
Miravalles Geothermal Area | Central American Volcanic Arc Chain | 165 MW165,000 kW <br />165,000,000 W <br />165,000,000,000 mW <br />0.165 GW <br />1.65e-4 TW <br /> | 513.15 K240 °C <br />464 °F <br />923.67 °R <br /> | |||
Miyagi Geothermal Area | Northeast Honshu Arc | Miocene | Basalt | 12.5 MW12,500 kW <br />12,500,000 W <br />12,500,000,000 mW <br />0.0125 GW <br />1.25e-5 TW <br /> | 523.15 K250 °C <br />482 °F <br />941.67 °R <br /> | |
Mount Amiata Geothermal Area | Italy Geothermal Region | 88 MW88,000 kW <br />88,000,000 W <br />88,000,000,000 mW <br />0.088 GW <br />8.8e-5 TW <br /> | 523.15 K250 °C <br />482 °F <br />941.67 °R <br /> | |||
Mutnovskaya Geothermal Area | Kuril-Kamchatka Arc | Fault Intersection | Oligocene | 62 MW62,000 kW <br />62,000,000 W <br />62,000,000,000 mW <br />0.062 GW <br />6.2e-5 TW <br /> | 507.15 K234 °C <br />453.2 °F <br />912.87 °R <br /> | |
Ndunga Geothermal Area | Indonesia Geothermal Region | 5 MW5,000 kW <br />5,000,000 W <br />5,000,000,000 mW <br />0.005 GW <br />5.0e-6 TW <br /> | 513.15 K240 °C <br />464 °F <br />923.67 °R <br /> | |||
North Negros Geothermal Area | Philippine Island Arc | 192.5 MW192,500 kW <br />192,500,000 W <br />192,500,000,000 mW <br />0.193 GW <br />1.925e-4 TW <br /> | 528.15 K255 °C <br />491 °F <br />950.67 °R <br /> | |||
Ogiri Geothermal Area | Ryuku Arc | Major Normal Fault | Quaternary | Andesite | 30 MW30,000 kW <br />30,000,000 W <br />30,000,000,000 mW <br />0.03 GW <br />3.0e-5 TW <br /> | 533.15 K260 °C <br />500 °F <br />959.67 °R <br /> |
Oguni Geothermal Field | Japan: Energy Resources | 2 MW2,000 kW <br />2,000,000 W <br />2,000,000,000 mW <br />0.002 GW <br />2.0e-6 TW <br /> | 475.15 K202 °C <br />395.6 °F <br />855.27 °R <br /> | |||
Ohaaki Geothermal Area | Taupo Volcanic Zone | Fault Intersection | Quaternary | Volcaniclastic | 122 MW122,000 kW <br />122,000,000 W <br />122,000,000,000 mW <br />0.122 GW <br />1.22e-4 TW <br /> | 538.15 K265 °C <br />509 °F <br />968.67 °R <br /> |
Okeanskaya Geothermal Area | Kuril-Kamchatka Arc | 3.2 MW3,200 kW <br />3,200,000 W <br />3,200,000,000 mW <br />0.0032 GW <br />3.2e-6 TW <br /> | 558.15 K285 °C <br />545 °F <br />1,004.67 °R <br /> | |||
Pailas Geothermal Area | Central American Volcanic Arc Chain | Andesite | 35 MW35,000 kW <br />35,000,000 W <br />35,000,000,000 mW <br />0.035 GW <br />3.5e-5 TW <br /> | |||
Patuha Geothermal Area | Indonesia Geothermal Region | 55 MW55,000 kW <br />55,000,000 W <br />55,000,000,000 mW <br />0.055 GW <br />5.5e-5 TW <br /> | 496.15 K223 °C <br />433.4 °F <br />893.07 °R <br /> | |||
Pauzhetskaya Geothermal Area | Kuril-Kamchatka Arc | Tuff | 27 MW27,000 kW <br />27,000,000 W <br />27,000,000,000 mW <br />0.027 GW <br />2.7e-5 TW <br /> | 468.15 K195 °C <br />383 °F <br />842.67 °R <br /> | ||
Pengalengan Geothermal Area | West Java | 2 MW2,000 kW <br />2,000,000 W <br />2,000,000,000 mW <br />0.002 GW <br />2.0e-6 TW <br /> | 503.15 K230 °C <br />446 °F <br />905.67 °R <br /> | |||
Rincon De La Vieja Geothermal Resource Area | Rincon De La Vieja | Andesite | 42 MW42,000 kW <br />42,000,000 W <br />42,000,000,000 mW <br />0.042 GW <br />4.2e-5 TW <br /> | 533.15 K260 °C <br />500 °F <br />959.67 °R <br /> | ||
San Jacinto Geothermal Area | Central American Volcanic Arc Chain | 87 MW87,000 kW <br />87,000,000 W <br />87,000,000,000 mW <br />0.087 GW <br />8.7e-5 TW <br /> | 543.15 K270 °C <br />518 °F <br />977.67 °R <br /> | |||
South Negros Geothermal Area | Philippine Island Arc | 242 MW242,000 kW <br />242,000,000 W <br />242,000,000,000 mW <br />0.242 GW <br />2.42e-4 TW <br /> | 573.15 K300 °C <br />572 °F <br />1,031.67 °R <br /> | |||
Tiwi / Albay Geothermal Area | Philippine Island Arc | Andesite | 330 MW330,000 kW <br />330,000,000 W <br />330,000,000,000 mW <br />0.33 GW <br />3.3e-4 TW <br /> | 593.15 K320 °C <br />608 °F <br />1,067.67 °R <br /> | ||
Tokamachi Geothermal Area | Japanese Archipelago | 2 MW2,000 kW <br />2,000,000 W <br />2,000,000,000 mW <br />0.002 GW <br />2.0e-6 TW <br /> | ||||
Ulubelu Geothermal Field | Indonesia Geothermal Region | 2 MW2,000 kW <br />2,000,000 W <br />2,000,000,000 mW <br />0.002 GW <br />2.0e-6 TW <br /> | 403.15 K130 °C <br />266 °F <br />725.67 °R <br /> | |||
Ulumbu Geothermal Field | Indonesia Geothermal Region | 5 MW5,000 kW <br />5,000,000 W <br />5,000,000,000 mW <br />0.005 GW <br />5.0e-6 TW <br /> | 465.15 K192 °C <br />377.6 °F <br />837.27 °R <br /> | |||
Yamagawa Geothermal Area | Ryuku Arc | Neogene to Recent | Volcanics | 30 MW30,000 kW <br />30,000,000 W <br />30,000,000,000 mW <br />0.03 GW <br />3.0e-5 TW <br /> |
(none entered into OpenEI)
References
- ↑ Colin F. Williams, Marshall J. Reed and Arlene F. Anderson. 2011. Updating the Classification of Geothermal Resources - Presentation. In: Thirty-Sixth Workshop on Geothermal Reservoir Engineering; 2011/02/02; Stanford, California. Stanford, California: Stanford University; p. 23