Geophysical Techniques

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GEOTHERMAL ENERGY

Exploration Technique: Geophysical Techniques

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Exploration Technique Information
Exploration Group: Geophysical Techniques
Exploration Sub Group: None
Parent Exploration Technique: Exploration Techniques
Information Provided by Technique
Lithology: may be inferred
Stratigraphic/Structural: may be inferred
Hydrological: may be inferred
Thermal: may be inferred
Geophysical Techniques:
Geophysics is the study of the structure and composition of the earth's interior.
Other definitions:Wikipedia Reegle


Introduction
Property "IntroText" (as page type) with input value "Geophysical techniques measure physical phenomena of the earth such as gravity, magnetism, elastic waves, electrical and electromagnetic waves. These physical phenomena are sensitive to subsurface physical properties such as density, magnetic susceptibility, seismic wave velocity, electrical resistivity and permittivity. There are both passive- and active-source techniques for data acquisition. Geophysical data may be presented as an earth model of a specified physical property in order to allow an inference of lithology, stratigraphy/structure, hydrogeology or thermal properties of the subsurface." contains invalid characters or is incomplete and therefore can cause unexpected results during a query or annotation process. Geophysical techniques measure physical phenomena of the earth such as gravity, magnetism, elastic waves, electrical and electromagnetic waves. These physical phenomena are sensitive to subsurface physical properties such as density, magnetic susceptibility, seismic wave velocity, electrical resistivity and permittivity. There are both passive- and active-source techniques for data acquisition.

Geophysical data may be presented as an earth model of a specified physical property in order to allow an inference of lithology, stratigraphy/structure, hydrogeology or thermal properties of the subsurface.
Use in Geothermal Exploration
Property "GeoUse" (as page type) with input value "Geophysical techniques are used in geothermal exploration to locate, characterize and monitor geothermal systems. Features of a geothermal reservoir such as structural constraints, reservoir geometry, fluid saturation, fracture network and depth to the reservoir may be interpreted from the integration of geophysical datasets.The ultimate aim of geophysical exploration for geothermal systems is to locate drilling targets or monitor the production of a geothermal reservoir." contains invalid characters or is incomplete and therefore can cause unexpected results during a query or annotation process. Geophysical techniques are used in geothermal exploration to locate, characterize and monitor geothermal systems. Features of a geothermal reservoir such as structural constraints, reservoir geometry, fluid saturation, fracture network and depth to the reservoir may be interpreted from the integration of geophysical datasets.

The ultimate aim of geophysical exploration for geothermal systems is to locate drilling targets or monitor the production of a geothermal reservoir.
Related Techniques
Property "Subcategories" (as page type) with input value "</br></br></br>* Geophysical Techniques</br>** Electrical Techniques</br>*** Direct-Current Resistivity Survey</br>**** Electrical Profiling Configurations</br>***** DC Resistivity Survey (Dipole-Dipole Array)</br>***** DC Resistivity Survey (Mise-A-La-Masse)</br>***** DC Resistivity Survey (Pole-Dipole Array)</br>**** Vertical Electrical Sounding Configurations</br>***** DC Resistivity Survey (Schlumberger Array)</br>***** DC Resistivity Survey (Wenner Array)</br>*** Electromagnetic Techniques</br>**** Airborne Electromagnetic Survey</br>**** Ground Electromagnetic Techniques</br>***** Electromagnetic Profiling Techniques</br>****** Frequency-Domain Electromagnetic Survey</br>***** Electromagnetic Sounding Techniques</br>****** Magnetotelluric Techniques</br>******* Audio-Magnetotellurics</br>******* Controlled Source Audio MT</br>******* Magnetotellurics</br>******* Z-Axis Tipper Electromagnetics</br>****** Telluric Survey</br>****** Time-Domain Electromagnetics</br>*** Self Potential</br>** Gravity Techniques</br>*** Airborne Gravity Survey</br>*** Ground Gravity Survey</br>*** Microgravity-Hybrid Microgravity</br>** Magnetic Techniques</br>*** Aeromagnetic Survey</br>*** Controlled Source Frequency-Domain Magnetics</br>*** Ground Magnetics</br>** Seismic Techniques</br>*** Active Seismic Techniques</br>**** Reflection Survey</br>**** Refraction Survey</br>*** Passive Seismic Techniques</br>**** Micro-Earthquake</br>**** [[:Teleseismic-Seismic Monitoring|Teleseismic-Seismic Monitoring" contains invalid characters or is incomplete and therefore can cause unexpected results during a query or annotation process.


Environmental Mitigation Measures
Geophysical surveys are non- or minimally-invasive techniques applied to improve the understanding of the subsurface. The potential environmental impacts are related to the amount of field equipment required, the number of people needed for acquisition on the field crews, the means of access to the stations of measurement, the source of the signal for the measurement, time duration of occupancy of the measurement station, and the survey design, among others.


Best Practices
Survey design parameters such as line and station spacing should be sufficient to characterize spatial distribution of anticipated anomalies.[1]
Potential Pitfalls
Geophysical models are generally non-unique and ambiguous for a single technique. Integration of multiple geophysical data sets is essential for the successful interpretation of geophysical data. [2]



References
  1. ↑ (UW Madison, n.d.) "Introduction to Applied Geophysics"
  2. ↑ (Ellis, 2010) "Non-Uniqueness in potential field inversion "


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