Bike-Sharing:History, Impacts, Models of Provision, and Future

This paper discusses the history of bike-sharing from the early 1st generation program to present day 3rd generation programs. Included are a detailed examination of models of provision, with benefits and detriments of each, and a description of capital and operating costs. The paper concludes with a look into the future through discussion about what a 4th generation bike-sharing program could be.

This tool is included in the Transportation Toolkit from the LEDS Global Partnership.

When to Use This Tool

While building a low emission strategy for your country's transportation system, this tool is most useful during these key phases of the process:

• Evaluate System - Assessing the current transportation situation

• Assess Opportunities - Identifying opportunities for low-carbon transport
• Develop Alternatives - Building and assessing alternative scenarios

Learn more about the key actions you need to take to build a successful LEDS.

How to Use This Tool

This tool is most helpful when using these strategies:

• Avoid - Cut the need for travel
• Shift - Change to low-carbon modes

Learn more about the avoid, shift, improve framework for limiting air pollutants and greenhouse gas emissions.

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"This paper discusses the history of bike-sharing from the early 1st generation program to present day 3rd generation programs. Included are a detailed examination of models of provision, with benefits and detriments of each, and a description of capital and operating costs. The paper concludes with a look into the future through discussion about what a 4th generation bike-sharing program could be."