Fumaroles
From Open Energy Information
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Fumaroles:
An opening in the earth’s crust, typically near a volcano, in which steam and hot sulfurous gasses are discharged.
Modern Geothermal Features
Typical list of modern geothermal features
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Fumarole at Hverarond, Iceland (reference: http://www.mountainsoftravelphotos.com/Iceland/2006-07%20Iceland/Lake%20Myvatn/slides/Iceland%2007%2004%20Near%20Myvatn%20Hverarond%20Fumarole.html)
A fumarole is evidence of geothermal activity as it’s an opening in the Earth’s crust which emits steam and gases such as carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, hydrogen chloride, or hydrogen sulfide. If the vent emits sulfur rich gas it may be referred to as a solfatara.
Examples
Want to add an example to this list? Select a Geothermal Resource Area to edit its "Modern Geothermal Feature" property using the "Edit with Form" option.
CSV| Geothermal Resource Area | Geothermal Region | Control Structure | Host Rock Age | Host Rock Lithology | Mean Capacity | Mean Reservoir Temp |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Akita Geothermal Field | Northeast Honshu Arc | Major Normal Fault | Tertiary | Dacite | 88.3 MW 88,300 kW 88,300,000 W 88,300,000,000 mW 0.0883 GW 8.83e-5 TW | 548.15 K 275 °C 527 °F 986.67 °R |
| Aluto-Langano Geothermal Area | East African Rift System - Ethiopian Rift Valley | Major Normal Fault | Basalt | 7.5 MW 7,500 kW 7,500,000 W 7,500,000,000 mW 0.0075 GW 7.5e-6 TW | 561.15 K 288 °C 550.4 °F 1,010.07 °R | |
| Amatitlan Geothermal Area | Central American Volcanic Arc Chain | 25 MW 25,000 kW 25,000,000 W 25,000,000,000 mW 0.025 GW 2.5e-5 TW | 513.15 K 240 °C 464 °F 923.67 °R | |||
| Bouillante Geothermal Area | Lesser Antilles Volcanic Arc | Fault Intersection Major Normal Fault | Chlorite | 15 MW 15,000 kW 15,000,000 W 15,000,000,000 mW 0.015 GW 1.5e-5 TW | 528.15 K 255 °C 491 °F 950.67 °R | |
| Brady Hot Springs Geothermal Area | Northwest Basin and Range Geothermal Region | Accommodation Zone | Mesozoic | metamorphic rocks | 26.1 MW 26,100 kW 26,100,000 W 26,100,000,000 mW 0.0261 GW 2.61e-5 TW | 455.15 K 182 °C 359.6 °F 819.27 °R |
| Cerro Prieto Geothermal Area | Gulf of California Rift Zone Geothermal Region | Sandstone | 720 MW 720,000 kW 720,000,000 W 720,000,000,000 mW 0.72 GW 7.2e-4 TW | 588.15 K 315 °C 599 °F 1,058.67 °R | ||
| Dixie Valley Geothermal Area | Central Nevada Seismic Zone Geothermal Region | Major Normal Fault Stepover or Relay Ramp in Normal Fault Zones | Jurassic | Basalt | 62 MW 62,000 kW 62,000,000 W 62,000,000,000 mW 0.062 GW 6.2e-5 TW | 504.15 K 231 °C 447.8 °F 907.47 °R |
| Eburru Geothermal Area | East African Rift System - Kenya Rift | Basalt | 2.5 MW 2,500 kW 2,500,000 W 2,500,000,000 mW 0.0025 GW 2.5e-6 TW | 578.15 K 305 °C 581 °F 1,040.67 °R | ||
| Fukushima Geothermal Area | Northeast Honshu Arc | Major Normal Fault | 65 MW 65,000 kW 65,000,000 W 65,000,000,000 mW 0.065 GW 6.5e-5 TW | 579.15 K 306 °C 582.8 °F 1,042.47 °R | ||
| Germencik Geothermal Area | Aegean-West Anatolian Extensional Region | Fault Intersection | Marble | 73.4 MW 73,400 kW 73,400,000 W 73,400,000,000 mW 0.0734 GW 7.34e-5 TW | 491.15 K 218 °C 424.4 °F 884.07 °R | |
| Geysers Geothermal Area | Holocene Magmatic | Pull-Apart in Strike-Slip Fault Zone | Mesozoic | metamorphosed sandstone | 1,585 MW 1,585,000 kW 1,585,000,000 W 1,585,000,000,000 mW 1.585 GW 0.00159 TW | 551.15 K 278 °C 532.4 °F 992.07 °R |
| Gunun-Salak Geothermal Area | Sunda Volcanic Arc | Major Normal Fault | 345 MW 345,000 kW 345,000,000 W 345,000,000,000 mW 0.345 GW 3.45e-4 TW | 548.15 K 275 °C 527 °F 986.67 °R | ||
| Java - Darajat Geothermal Area | Sunda Volcanic Arc | Major Normal Fault | Volcanics | 255 MW 255,000 kW 255,000,000 W 255,000,000,000 mW 0.255 GW 2.55e-4 TW | 518.15 K 245 °C 473 °F 932.67 °R | |
| Java - Dieng Geothermal Area | Sunda Volcanic Arc | Lavas | 60 MW 60,000 kW 60,000,000 W 60,000,000,000 mW 0.06 GW 6.0e-5 TW | 598.15 K 325 °C 617 °F 1,076.67 °R | ||
| Java - Kamojang Geothermal Area | Sunda Volcanic Arc | Major Normal Fault | 200 MW 200,000 kW 200,000,000 W 200,000,000,000 mW 0.2 GW 2.0e-4 TW | 518.15 K 245 °C 473 °F 932.67 °R | ||
| Java-Wayang Windu Geothermal Area | Sunda Volcanic Arc | Major Normal Fault | 227 MW 227,000 kW 227,000,000 W 227,000,000,000 mW 0.227 GW 2.27e-4 TW | 558.15 K 285 °C 545 °F 1,004.67 °R | ||
| Kagoshima Geothermal Area | Ryuku Arc | Fault Intersection | Neogene to recent | Volcanic Rocks, Andesite | 0.1 MW 100 kW 100,000 W 100,000,000 mW 1.0e-4 GW 1.0e-7 TW | 512.15 K 239 °C 462.2 °F 921.87 °R |
| Kizildere Geothermal Area | Aegean-West Anatolian Extensional Region | Fault Intersection | Miocene | Limestone | 102 MW 102,000 kW 102,000,000 W 102,000,000,000 mW 0.102 GW 1.02e-4 TW | 459.15 K 186 °C 366.8 °F 826.47 °R |
| Krafla Geothermal Area | Mid Atlantic Ridge | Basalt | 60 MW 60,000 kW 60,000,000 W 60,000,000,000 mW 0.06 GW 6.0e-5 TW | 538.15 K 265 °C 509 °F 968.67 °R | ||
| Lahendong Geothermal Area | Minahasa Volcanic Zone | Fault Intersection | Miocene | Andesite | 80 MW 80,000 kW 80,000,000 W 80,000,000,000 mW 0.08 GW 8.0e-5 TW | 578.15 K 305 °C 581 °F 1,040.67 °R |
| Las Tres Virgenes Geothermal Area | Baja Peninsula Geothermal Region | Granodiorite | 10 MW 10,000 kW 10,000,000 W 10,000,000,000 mW 0.01 GW 1.0e-5 TW | 553.15 K 280 °C 536 °F 995.67 °R | ||
| Leyte Geothermal Area | Philippine Island Arc | Andesite | 714.9 MW 714,900 kW 714,900,000 W 714,900,000,000 mW 0.715 GW 7.149e-4 TW | 553.15 K 280 °C 536 °F 995.67 °R | ||
| Los Azufres Geothermal Area | Transmexican Volcanic Belt | Miocene-Pliocene | Andesite | 188 MW 188,000 kW 188,000,000 W 188,000,000,000 mW 0.188 GW 1.88e-4 TW | 448.15 K 175 °C 347 °F 806.67 °R | |
| Mutnovskaya Geothermal Area | Kuril-Kamchatka Arc | Fault Intersection | Oligocene | 62 MW 62,000 kW 62,000,000 W 62,000,000,000 mW 0.062 GW 6.2e-5 TW | 507.15 K 234 °C 453.2 °F 912.87 °R | |
| Ogiri Geothermal Area | Ryuku Arc | Major Normal Fault | Quaternary | Andesite | 30 MW 30,000 kW 30,000,000 W 30,000,000,000 mW 0.03 GW 3.0e-5 TW | 533.15 K 260 °C 500 °F 959.67 °R |
| Pailas Geothermal Area | Central American Volcanic Arc Chain | Andesite | 35 MW 35,000 kW 35,000,000 W 35,000,000,000 mW 0.035 GW 3.5e-5 TW | |||
| Pauzhetskaya Geothermal Area | Kuril-Kamchatka Arc | Tuff | 27 MW 27,000 kW 27,000,000 W 27,000,000,000 mW 0.027 GW 2.7e-5 TW | 468.15 K 195 °C 383 °F 842.67 °R | ||
| Pico Vermelho-Ribeira Grande Geothermal Area | Mid Atlantic Ridge | Basalt | 28.5 MW 28,500 kW 28,500,000 W 28,500,000,000 mW 0.0285 GW 2.85e-5 TW | 511.15 K 238 °C 460.4 °F 920.07 °R | ||
| Roosevelt Hot Springs Geothermal Area | Northern Basin and Range Geothermal Region | 1- Tertiary; 2- Precambrian | 1- granite; 2- metamorphic | 34 MW 34,000 kW 34,000,000 W 34,000,000,000 mW 0.034 GW 3.4e-5 TW | 533.15 K 260 °C 500 °F 959.67 °R | |
| San Jacinto Geothermal Area | Central American Volcanic Arc Chain | 87 MW 87,000 kW 87,000,000 W 87,000,000,000 mW 0.087 GW 8.7e-5 TW | 543.15 K 270 °C 518 °F 977.67 °R | |||
| Steamboat Springs Geothermal Area | Walker-Lane Transition Zone | Fault Intersection | 1- Cretaceous; 2- Pliocene-Pleistocene | 1- granodiorite; 2- basaltic andesite | 147 MW 147,000 kW 147,000,000 W 147,000,000,000 mW 0.147 GW 1.47e-4 TW | 483.15 K 210 °C 410 °F 869.67 °R |
| Sumatra-Sibayak Geothermal Area | Sunda Volcanic Arc - Great Sumatra Fault Zone | Fault Intersection | Tertiary | Sandstone; Limestone | 12 MW 12,000 kW 12,000,000 W 12,000,000,000 mW 0.012 GW 1.2e-5 TW | 543.15 K 270 °C 518 °F 977.67 °R |
| Valles Caldera - Redondo Geothermal Area | Rio Grande Rift | Caldera Rim Margins Fault Intersection Stratigraphic Boundaries | Mississippian-Pennsylvanian; Pleistocene, 1.6 to 1.25 Ma | Limestone-Madera Formation “MIPu”; Rhyolitic tuff-Intracaldera Bandelier Tuff (upper Tshirege “Qbt” and lower Otowi “Qbo” members); Caldera Fill Rhyolite (shallow) | ||
| Valles Caldera - Sulphur Springs Geothermal Area | Rio Grande Rift | Caldera Rim Margins Fault Intersection Stratigraphic Boundaries | Precambrian; Mississippian-Pennsylvanian; Pleistocene, 1.6 to 1.25 Ma; Pliocene; Miocene | Crystalline basement “pCu”; Limestone-Madera Formation “MIPu”; Rhyolitic tuff-Bandelier Tuff (upper Tshirege “Qbt” and lower Otowi “Qbo” members); Caldera Fill Rhyolite (shallow); Dacitic/Andesitic to Rhyolitic lavas and tuffs-Keres Group Volcanics (shallow); Santa Fe Group volcaniclastics “Tsf” | ||
| Yamagawa Geothermal Area | Ryuku Arc | Neogene to Recent | Volcanics | 30 MW 30,000 kW 30,000,000 W 30,000,000,000 mW 0.03 GW 3.0e-5 TW | ||
| Yangbajain Geothermal Area | Himalayan Mountain Range | Fault Intersection | 24 MW 24,000 kW 24,000,000 W 24,000,000,000 mW 0.024 GW 2.4e-5 TW | 478.15 K 205 °C 401 °F 860.67 °R | ||
| Zunil Geothermal Area | Central American Volcanic Arc Chain | Granite; Volcanics | 28 MW 28,000 kW 28,000,000 W 28,000,000,000 mW 0.028 GW 2.8e-5 TW | 532.15 K 259 °C 498.2 °F 957.87 °R |