Edit Roadmap Section: RAPID/Roadmap/9 (3)

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Permit Overview A typical utility-scale solar project will raise numerous environmental issues that require permitting and/or regulatory approval from federal and state agencies. The environmental law in the United States is governed by federal law that is administered by both federal and state agencies, as well as state environmental laws that either complement federal law or go above and beyond it. The [[National Environmental Policy Act]] (NEPA) was signed into law on January 1, 1970. The Act establishes national environmental policy and goals for the protection, maintenance, and enhancement of the environment and provides a process for implementing these goals within the federal agencies. A developer will be required to go through the NEPA process if the project involves a "major federal action." In general, NEPA will be triggered if the project is on federal land, the federal government owns the mineral estate, the project receives federal funding or support, or if a federal permit is required. The level and scope of the NEPA review will vary depending on the nature of the project and the level of involvement of the federal government. Some actions and projects will receive a categorical exclusion while others may require a full Environmental Impact Statement (EIS). NEPA review is handled by a "lead agency." A 'lead agency" is the federal agency responsible for writing the main NEPA document(s) and coordinating with any other federal, state, or tribal agencies. For most projects relating to utility-scale solar projects, the lead agency will be the [[Bureau of Land Management]] (BLM), the [[United States Forest Service]] (USFS), the [[Department of Energy]] (DOE), the [[United States Department of Agriculture]] (USDA), or the [[United States Department of Defense]] (DOD). The President of the United States issued [[Executive Order 13807 – Establishing Discipline and Accountability in the Environmental Review and Permitting Process for Infrastructure (One Federal Decision)]] on August 15, 2017 with the goal of streamlining federal infrastructure decisions and promoting economic efficiency by requiring federal agencies to streamline environmental reviews and authorizations. Specifically, One Federal Decision requires: * Authorization decisions to be reduced to not more than an average of 2 years; * Designation of a lead Federal agency for each infrastructure project that is responsible for leading the project through the Federal environmental NEPA review and authorization process; * All agency decisions to be recorded in one Record of Decision (ROD) (with some exceptions) prepared by the lead agency; and * Federal authorization decisions for the construction of a major infrastructure project to be completed within 90 days of the issuance of the ROD. If the EA does not support a Finding of No Significant Impact (FONSI), the lead agency must prepare a EIS and issue a Record of Decision (ROD) before acting on the proposed action addressed by the EA. Following issuance of One Federal Decision twelve agencies signed a Memorandum of Understanding (see [[Memorandum of Understanding Implementing One Federal Decision Under Executive Order 13807]]). In part, the MOU states that for each major infrastructure project, agencies will work together to develop a single permitting timetable for the necessary environmental review and authorization decisions, prepare a single EIS, and sign a single ROD. In furtherance of the MOU, each signatory agency has prepared further guidance to clarify specific procedures. Significant clarity will be added to this process as these guidance materials become available. On top of federal environmental regulation, the developer is required to comply with state environmental laws. Many states have adopted their own environmental laws and regulations. Overview of the permit or section being discussed.

Flowchart Narrative ==9.1 - Does the Project Include a Major Federal Action?== For [[NEPA]] to be triggered there must be a "major federal action" (action). Major federal actions tend to fall within one of the following categories: # Adoption of official policy, such as rules, regulations, and interpretations adopted pursuant to the Administrative Procedure Act, 5 U.S.C. 551 et seq.; treaties and international conventions or agreements; formal documents establishing an agency's policies which will result in or substantially alter agency programs. # Adoption of formal plans, such as official documents prepared or approved by federal agencies which guide or prescribe alternative uses of Federal resources, upon which future agency actions will be based. # Adoption of programs, such as a group of concerted actions to implement a specific policy or plan; systematic and connected agency decisions allocating agency resources to implement a specific statutory program or executive directive. # Approval of specific projects, such as construction or management activities located in a defined geographic area. Projects include actions approved by permit or other regulatory decision as well as federal and federally assisted activities. Major federal actions include new and continuing activities, including projects and programs entirely or partly financed, assisted, conducted, regulated, or approved by federal agencies; new or revised agency rules, regulations, plans, policies, or procedures; and legislative proposals (NEPA § [[Title 40 CFR 1506 Other Requirements of NEPA|1506.8]], [[Title 40 CFR 1508 Terminology and Index|1508.17]]). Actions do not include funding assistance solely in the form of general revenue sharing funds, distributed under the State and Local Fiscal Assistance Act of 1972, 31 U.S.C. 1221 et seq., with no federal agency control over the subsequent use of such funds. Actions do not include bringing judicial or administrative civil or criminal enforcement actions. In general NEPA will be triggered if the project is on federal land, the federal government owns the mineral estate, the project receives federal funding or support, or if a federal permit is required. See [[Title 40 CFR 1508 Terminology and Index|40 CFR 1508.18 Major Federal Action]]. ==9.2 to 9.3 – Is the BLM the Lead Agency for the Major Federal Action?== Under NEPA a “lead agency” is the agency preparing NEPA documentation or is the agency that has taken primary responsibility for coordinating the NEPA process. A “cooperating agency” means any federal, state, local, or tribal agency other than a lead agency which has jurisdiction by law or special expertise with respect to any environmental impact involved in a proposal (or a reasonable alternative) for legislation or other major federal action significantly affecting the quality of the human environment. If the [[Bureau of Land Management]] (BLM) is the lead agency then the BLM will coordinate the NEPA process. <span class="btn btn-rapid btn-fed">[[RAPID/Roadmap/9-FD-a|BLM NEPA Process: <br>9-FD-a]]</span> ==9.4 to 9.5 – Is the Department of Energy the Lead Agency for the Major Federal Action?== If the [[Department of Energy]] (DOE) is the lead agency then it will coordinate the NEPA process. <span class="btn btn-rapid btn-fed">[[RAPID/Roadmap/9-FD-e|DOE NEPA Process: <br>9-FD-e]]</span> ==9.6 to 9.7 - Is the Department of Defense the Lead Agency for the Major Federal Action?== If the [[United States Department of Defense|Department of Defense]] (DOD) is the lead agency then it will coordinate the NEPA process. <span class="btn btn-rapid btn-fed">[[RAPID/Roadmap/9-FD-f|DOD NEPA Process: <br>9-FD-f]]</span> ==9.8 to 9.9 - Is the USFS the Lead Agency for the Major Federal Action?== If the [[United States Forest Service]] (USFS) is the lead agency then it will coordinate the NEPA process. <span class="btn btn-rapid btn-fed">[[RAPID/Roadmap/9-FD-g|USFS NEPA Process: <br>9-FD-g]]</span> ==9.10 to 9.11 - Is the USDA the Lead Agency for the Major Federal Action?== If the [[United States Department of Agriculture]] (USDA) is the lead agency for a utility-scale solar project, then the Rural Utilities Service (RUS) will coordinate the NEPA process. <span class="btn btn-rapid btn-fed">[[RAPID/Roadmap/9-FD-h|Rural Utilities Service NEPA Process: <br>9-FD-h]]</span> ==9.12 – If Necessary, Contact Other Federal Agencies for NEPA Process== If another federal agency is the lead agency for the major federal action then the developer will be required to contact that agency for its NEPA policies and procedures. ==9.13 to 9.14 - Has an On-Site Evaluation Been Conducted?== The on-site evaluation process is intended to walk the developer through all of the required "environmental" considerations of a typical environmental review under NEPA. <span class="btn btn-rapid btn-overview">[[RAPID/Roadmap/10|On-Site Evaluation Process: 10]]</span> ==9.15 - State Environmental Process== Most states have passed state environmental laws and regulations. Some states have an all-encompassing environmental review process such as California's CEQA process, while other states consider only certain issues. The state of Alaska has not adopted a state environmental review process. <span class="btn btn-rapid btn-state">[[RAPID/Roadmap/9-CA-a|State Environmental Review Overview: <br>9-CA-a]]</span> <span class="btn btn-rapid btn-state">[[RAPID/Roadmap/9-HI-a|State Environmental Review Process: <br>9-HI-a]]</span> <span class="btn btn-rapid btn-state">[[RAPID/Roadmap/9-ID-a|State Environmental Review Process: <br>9-ID-a]]</span> <span class="btn btn-rapid btn-state">[[RAPID/Roadmap/9-MT-a|State Environmental Review Process: <br>9-MT-a]]</span> <span class="btn btn-rapid btn-state">[[RAPID/Roadmap/9-NV-a|State Environmental Review: <br>9-NV-a]]</span> <span class="btn btn-rapid btn-state">[[RAPID/Roadmap/9-UT-a|Energy Pre-Design Meeting Process: <br>9-UT-a]]</span> <span class="btn btn-rapid btn-state">[[RAPID/Roadmap/9-WA-a|State Environmental Overview: <br>9-WA-a]]</span> Paragraphs supporting the elements in the flowchart. Delineate section headers with "==" wiki text.

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Regulations [[National Environmental Policy Act]];[[Title 40 CFR 1508 Terminology and Index|40 CFR 1508.18 - Major Federal Action]]; [[Executive Order 13807 – Establishing Discipline and Accountability in the Environmental Review and Permitting Process for Infrastructure (One Federal Decision)]]; [[Memorandum of Understanding Implementing One Federal Decision Under Executive Order 13807]]; Enter multiple Regulations, separated by semi-colons. Use standard wiki text for links.